Paper-making machine



'Jun [l6, 1925.

' W. E. MCINTYRE XFAPER MAKING MACHINE Filed July 24 1924 BON 3Sheets-Sheet 1 w. E. MCI'NTYRE Jun 16, 1925.

PAPER MAKING MACHINE 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet '2 Filed July 24 June 16, 1925.

35 SheetsSheet 5 Filed July 24 1924 Patented June M3,- 1925.

PATENT E.-

WINFIELD'E."MCINTYRE, OF FAYETTEVILLE, NlllW YORK.

' PAPER-MAKING MACHINE.

Application filed July 24, 1924. Serial No. 727,995.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VINFIELD EL Mo- INTYRE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, resid ing at Fayetteville, in the county of Onondaga and Stateof New York, have-invented certain new and useful Improvements inPaper-Making Machines, of which the following is a specification. v

This invention relates to improvements in paper-making machines,particularly of the type employing cylinders for forming tissue andother thin and light papers.

The object of the invention is to provide novel and simple means forregulating the flow of 'the liquid pulp into the vat that con- "tainsthe vacuiim cylinder upon which the web of paper is formed. A furtherobject is to provide means for agitating and remixing the liquid pulpafter it enters the vat and before the web is formed, for the purpose ofeffecting a more even distribution of the binding fibers throughout theweb, thereby equalizing the tensile strength of the web in alldirectionsand obviating the usual streaking and the pronounced longitudinal graincommon to the products of the older tissue paper machines. furtherobject is to providemeans for deflecting the liquid pulp from thesuction cylinder while the stock'is being agitated within the vat,thereby pre venting the binding fibers from assuming generally alongitudinal course, which'produces the. usual one-way grain ofthe web.Af'urthe'r object is to provide a flow regulator which is interposedbetween the flow box and the vat, the saidregulator being adjustabletowards and away from the cylinder for decreasing and increasing thevolume, as well as the agitation of th'pulp, the said regulator alsocontrolling the head of the pulp which is being delivered to the vat. Afurther object is to providea flexible apron which is supported by thedeflector, the said apron being arranged to frictionally engage andshield the portion of the cylinder directly opposite the flow regulator,for preventing direct contactof the pulp with the cylinder adjacent thepoint where the agitation and remixing of the pulp takes place. Afurther object is to provide means for drying the newly formed web ofpaper while it is travelling from the couch-roll to 'the heated dryingrolls, for. preventing the breaking-of the web; the said preliminarydrying rendering possible to effect the final drying and'curing of thepaper by the use of a relatively small number of heated lows, and asillustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which- I Figure 1 is afront side elevation ofthe wet-end of a paper making machine,'to whichmy improvements are applied. Fig. 2 is respectively an end and a frontface view of the pulp deflector, with the flexible apron attached. Fig.3 is an enlarged broken-side elevation of the machine, in which the vatand neighboring parts are shown in section; the latter being taken online 3 3 of Fig. 5., Fig. 4 is a plan view of the flow gage. Fig. 5 is ahorizontal section, taken substantially on line. 5-5 of Fig. 3. And Fig.6 is a detail view of the lowermost main press-roll, showing means fordriving the several rolls and-belts throughout the machine.

In the drawings, the frame of the machine which supports all of theworking parts,.

consists of similar side portions 2 and 2, which may rest upon anysuitable foundation. 3 represents the substantially semi der or mold 6,which is mounted upon a shaft 6, thesaidparts being rotatable in 'thevat in the direction of the arrow on the end of the cylinder, by thefrictional contact of the usual couch-roll '7. The couchroll is rigid ona shaft 7, which journals in bearings 7, the latter being mounted uponforwardly extending arms 7", which are pivoted to frame uprights 2 (seeFigs. 1 and The couch-roll 7 is driven by a felt belt 8, which extendsforwardly. and

passes between main press-rolls 9 and 9'. The felt 8 then extendsforwardlyagain and then downwardly and back to the rear end ofthemachine, and in doing so it is supported and guided by a series ofidler and tension rolls 10l0, and finally passes bctween a pair ofsqueeze-rolls 10, which are located near the cylinder 6 and the roll 7.The press-roll 9 is rigid on a shaft 9, which rotates in half-bearings 9and may be driven by any suitablejpower by means of mitergears 99. Thepress-roll 9' is operated by the roll 9 under varying tension, which isproduced by a lever 12- which is pivoted to an upright '2 of the frame,and by a rod 12 and a lever 12, the latter car rying, an adjustableweight 12 for regulating the tension, as shown in Fig. l. is washed andcleansed by a whipper 13,'and pipes 1313 which spray the opposite sidesof the felt with fresh water before it reaches the squeeze rolls 10 Theliquid pulp 4 flows from the boxet over the dam 5 into the vat 3 in acontinuous stream, and the layer or web of paper is formed on thesubmerged outer surface of the cylinder 6, which carries the web aroundto the point of contact with -the felt 8. The felt 8 then takes the webfrom the cylinder 6 and carries it around the couch-roll 7 and thenceforwardly to the press-rolls 99 in a continuous strip.

14 represents a second relatively long felt belt, which passes betweenthe press-rolls 9 9, over' an idler roll 14, and back to the top of theroll 9, from which point said felt extends towards the rear endof themachine, and is supported and guided by a series of idler and tensionrolls 15-15, by which it is carried back towards the press= roll 9. Thefelt 14 is washed by fresh water spray from a pipe 16 which lies uponthe felt, the water being sucked fromthe felt 14- by a vacuum box 1.6-.laden' with the wet web of paper it receives from the cylinder 6, alsopasses over a series of suction-boxes 8 (see Figs. 1 and 3), whichremove the greater portion of the moisture ,from the web.

Theweb of paper while passing between thepress-rolls 9 9 is picked up bythe felt 14 which carries it around the roll 14', then rearwardlytowards the roll 9, where the web is taken from the felt 14 by a plainrelatively \large press-roll or drum 17, by' which the web (shown at 17in Fig. 1) is delivered to the usual heated driers' (not shown). By thedispostion and arrangement of .the felts 8 and 1a, and also thesuction-boxes 8 and 16' the web 17' is delivered to the drum 17 in arelatively dry state, whiclrpractically obviates all danger of breakageof the web after it leaves the drum 17.

He'retofore, practically all tissue paper made by cylinder machines, hasshown a pronounced grain, which runs in the direc tion of thelength ofthe webs that are formed upon the vacuum cylinders, as 6.

The felt S The felt 8- This one-way grain, tends to produce a markedtensile strength longitudinally, but the webs are almost entirelylacking in tensile strength laterally, and often break or slit at theslightest transverse strain. This great variation between thelongitudinal and transverse strength of the tissue paper produced by theolder cylinder machines is due largely to the age-old method ofdelivering the liquid pulp to the vats, in which the suction cylindersrotate, in a direct and uncontrolled stream. It has been the practice toflow the liquid pulp over the dam, as 5, which separates the box a fromthe vat 3, in such manner that the pulp, upon entering the vat makesdirect contact with the cylinder, and as the flow of the pulp towardsthe constantly rotating cylinder is continuous in the general directionof the length of the web of paper, most of the relatively long bindingfibers incorporated in the pulp are carried towards the cylinder andbecome fixed in the web of paper parallel to each other and with theirlinear dimension pointing in the direction of the flow of the pulp andthe rotation of the cylinder, thereby producing the longitudinal grainreferred to, and by reason of the aforesaid f e and uncontrolleddelivery of the pulp to the vat, comparatively few of the fibers arefound disposed transversely in the web, which accounts for the extremelylow tensile strength laterally. Furthermore, this quiet and undisturbedflow of the pulp into the vat, allows the fresh stock to mingle with thepulp already -in the vat, in such'manner that the solid portions of thepulp invariably collect in more or less dense masses, which when drawnagainst the foraininous surface of the cylinder by the suction tends toform dark and heavy streaks upon a relatively light and thinback-ground. thereby producing an irregularly clouded sheet or web; thesaid streaks remaining after the paper is dried ready for use. Theweakness of the tissue paper made by the older cylinder machines, whichsnlit readily when snbiected to trans verse strains, renders the paperunfit for wrapping and many other uses. The uneven formation orthickness of the paper, due to theaforesaid streaking also interfereswith the proper drying and curing of the rapidly moving web and rendersthe true and smooth 7 agitated within the vat before making condense andlight longitudinal streaks in thetact with the cylinder 6, in suchmanner that both the long fibers and the short pulp are evenlydistributed throughout the liquid mass, and the tendency to formalternate web of paper is obviated. The present invention enables me to.produce a web of paper by a cylinder machine similar to that produced bythe well-known Fourdrinier machines, without pronounced grainv in anydirection, and having substantially equal tensile strength in alldirections. present invention prevents the fibers .from taking anygeneral or preferred direction in the web of paper. My improvement con-'sists principally of the following parts:

18 represents a novel flow gage or regulator comprising a flat strip orbar of wood or metal having a length substantially equal to the-lengthof the vat 3 and the dam 5, and which is disposed horizontally upon thetopof the dam parallel to the cylinder, as shown in Figs. 1 and? Thefiow gage 18 is preferably broader than the top face of the dam, and isadjustable thereon by means of transverse slots 18', through whichloopheaded screws 19 are inserted and screwed into the dam. Theflow-gage is movable horizontally towards and away from the cylinder 6,for decreasing and increasing the depth or volume of the pulp flowingfrom the box 1 to the vat 3. stock deflector comprising a relativelythin wood or metal strip, which is disposed at an angle to the part 18and substantially radial to the axis of cylinder 6, as shown in Figs.

'1 and 3, and is preferably positioned slightly above and forwardly ofthe dam 5. The deflector is held adjustably in place and is guided byspaced cleats 20', which are secured to the opposite ends of the vat 3(see Figs. 3 and '5), and to its lower edge is secured a flexible apron20 (see Figs. 1, 2

and 3), which extends downwardly and.

partially covers the woven-wire surface of the cylinder 6. The apron 2Opreferably extends a considerable distance below the flow-gage 18, asshown in Figs. 1 and 3, and prevents the pulp'which flows over the gagefrom contacting directly with the said portion of the cylinder. Theobject of this construction and arrangement ofthe parts 18, 20 and 20 isto prevent the fresh pulp from being carried downwardly in anuninterrupted stream by the rotating drum until the inflowing'mass hasbeen suitably agitated and remixed, as explained. The agitation andremixing of the fresh pulp occurs mainly beneath the overhanging margin18 of the gage, and is effected by the pulp flowing over the gage,thence against the apron 20 which being stationary and also bulgingtowards the ledge 18 and the dam, causes the pulp to swirl and tumbleThe 20 represents a beneath the ledge and become thoroughly mixedwithout interference by the rotating drum 6, until the pulp sinks belowthe lower -margin of the apron. By this time the bind; ing fibers whichform an important part of ind'er 6, the head of the pulp in the box 4 isincreased, and the stream that subsequently passesbetw'een the gage 18and the'de flector 20 enters the vat with greater force, which tends toeffect a more violent agitation of the pulp immediately below-the ledge18, and accordingly produces a clearer and more even texture of the web.Moving the strip 18 awayfroin the drum 6 lowers the head therebyincreasing the volume, but reducing the tation before the suction takesplace aper formed by the last described adjustment usually has lesstensile strength laterally than when the gap between the gage and thedeflector is narrowed, as explained. 1

By combining the feature of the Ho gage 18 and the deflector 2020, whicheliminate the streaked and uneven thickness of the paper, with thepress-rolls 9, 9 and 17, and the two relatively long felts 8 and 14,which are conditioned by the suction boxes 8 and 16, the web of paper 17is delivered by the rollv 17 at least 30% drier than the product of theordinary cylinder type tissue paper machines in common use. By-theadoption and use of the improvements herein shown and described, I amable to run my machines at higher speed and produce clearer, finergrain, and stronger paper at comparatively low expense for machinery,power and attendance, while the final drying of the paper may beeffected by fewer heated driers, which re- 1 quire less room and steamheat and lessat tention and care than heretofore.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, is

1. In a machine for making cloudless paper, a vat, a foraminous cylinderin the vat, a flow-box separated from the vat by a submerged dam, meansadjustably supported by the dam for regulating the flow of the liquidpulp over the dam, and a deflector cooperating with the dam foragitating and remixing the pulp within the vat below said regulatingmeans before the web of paper'is formed.

2. In a machine for making paper, the

combination with a vat, a foraminous cylinder in the vat, and aflow-boxseparated from the vat by a dam, of h gage adjustably mounted on the damadapted for regulating the volume of the liquid pulp flowing from theflow-box to the vat, and means adjustably interposed between the gageand the cylinder and cooperating with the dam and the said gage foreonditioning the pulp for forming a web of paper having substantiallyequal tensile strength in all directions. 3. In a machine for makingcloudles tissue paper, the combination with acylinder, a at, and aflow-box separated from the vat by a submergedda'm, of a gage mountedupon the top of the dam for regulating the flow of the liquid pulp intothe at, and a deflector disposed between the flow-box and the cylinderfor preventing the pulp from contacting withthe cylinder until it sinksbelow the gage.

4. In a machine for, making paper, the combination with a vat, a;foraminous cylinder rotatable in the vat. a' couch-roll for driving thecylinder, and a flow-box separated trom the cylinder by a dam. of meansmovable relatively to the-damand cylinder for regulating the volume ofliquid pulp flowing from said box into said vat, and means interposedbetweeenthe cylinder and the dam and cooperating with the dam and saidregulating meansl'f'or effecting the agitation of the pulp bet'o'refitcomes 'in contact with the surface ofltlie cylinder.

In a machine tor-making cloudl'ess tissue paper, the combination with avat, a foram'inous cylinder in the vat, and a flowbox separated from thevat by a submerged dam, of means for agitatingithe pulp within the vatbefore the webofp'aper is ormed on the cylinder comprisingza' gageadjustablyanounted on theydam fandzprojecting into the vat. and adeflector interposed between the gage and the cylinder, said gage andsaid deflector being movable relatively to each other and to thecylinder fo1' varying the extent of the agitation.

6. In a machine for making tissue paper. the combination with acylinder, a vat, and

a flow-box separated from the vat by a dam,v

- ot a gage mounted on the top of the dam and being movable towards andaway from the cylinder for gaging the flow of the liquid pulp into theva't. and a deflector adjustably supported by thg ends of the vat, saiddeflector being 61 :posed at an angle to the gage and including adepending apron that overlaps the fac of'the cylinder adjacent the gage.Z T

7. In a machine for making tissue paper. the combination with acylinder. a couchroll, a vat in which the cylinder rotates, and aflow-box separated from the vat by a dam, of a flow-gage mountedhorizontally on the top of the dam and being adjustable bodily towardsand away from the cylinder,

and an inclined deflecting lMUlllSPOSQtl forwardly of and in a higherplane than the flow-gage and supporting a flexible apron which ridesupon and shields the portion of the cylinder that faces the flow-gage.

8. In a' machine for making unclouded tissue paper, the combination witha vat, a vacuum cylinder in the vat, and a flow-box separated from thevat by a dam. of a gage for varying the. volume of the pulp flowing fromthe flow-box into the vat adjustably mounted upon the dam. meansdisposed between the gage and the cylinder for de fleeting the pulpdownwardly. between the gage and the cylinder at an angle tangent to thecylinder, and means for preventing contact of the pulp with the surfaceof the cylinder until it sinks below the said gage. v

9. In a machine for making tissue paper,

the combination with a vat. a foraminous cylinder in said vat, and aflow-box separated from the vat by a dam. of means for preventing thestreaking of the web of paper formed on the cylinder comprising aflow-gage supported by said dam and being movable towards and away fromthe cylinder in a horizontal plane, the said gage being broader than thedam and one lateral margin thereof forming a ledge that overhangs theside of the dam that faces the cylinder, a member adjustably disposed atan angle between the dam and the cylinder adapted to deflect the pulpflowing from the flow-box downwardly past the said ledge, and an aprondepending from the lower margin of said member adapted to co-operatewith the gage and the dam for agitating the pulp before it comes incontact with the cylinder below said apron.

' lO A machine for making tissue paper, including a vat. a foraminouscylinder in the vat, a fiow-box separated from the vat by a transversedam, a couch-roll for driving the cylinder, a felt supported by anddriving the said roll adapted to carry the web of paper formed .by saidcylinder towards the drying end of the machine means interposed betweenthe flow-box and the vat for regulating the flow of the pulp over saiddam. and means interposed between the dam and the cylinder fordeflecting the inflowing pulp from the cylinder towards the dam foragitating and remixing the pulp in the vat betore the web of paper isformed.

'11. In a machine for making tissue. paper. the combination with acylinder, a at, and a flowbox separated from the vat by a dam, of aslotted gage mounted upon the.

dam, screws passing through the slots of the gage and screwing into thedam for holding the gage in various positions relaand the gage andparallel to said parts,

and a flexible apron adapted to deflect the pulp away from the cylinderand beneath the overhanging margin of the gage for agitating the pulpbefore the web of paper is formed on the cylinder.

In testimony whereof I alfix my signature.

WINFIELD E. MCINTYRE.

